2) Fetal Therapy by Mark Kilby,Anthony Johnson,Dick Oepkes
3) Obstetrics and Intrapartum Emergencies by Edward Chandrahara,and Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
4) Analgesia,Anesthesia and Pregnancy by Steve Yentis and Surbhi Malhotra
5) Pregnancy after Assisted Reproductive Technology by Eric Jauniaux and Botros Rizk
6) Atlas of Oocytes, Zygotes and Embryoes in Reproductive Medicine by Marc Van den Bergh and Thomas Ebner,and Kay Elder
7) Infertility Counseling by Sharon Covington and Linda Hammer Burns
8) Ectopic Pregnancy by Isabel Stabile
9) Gametes by J.G. Grudzinskas and J.L. Yovich
10) GenEthics by Kurt Bayertz and Susan L Kirkby, and H Tristam Englehardt,Jr
11) Prenatal Care by Marie McCormick and Joanne Siegel
12) Ethical issues in Maternal -Fetal Medicine by Donna Dickenson
13) Preterm Labour by Jane Norman and Ian Greer
14) The Fetal Matrix by Peter Gluckman & Mark Hanson
15) Environmental impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility by Tracey Woodruff, Sarah Janssen,Louis Guillette,Jr, and Linda Giudice
16) Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte by Alan O Trounson and Roger G Gosden
17) Biology and Pathology of the Trophoblast by Ashley Moffett, Charlie and Lake and Anne McLaren
18) The Sperm Cell by Christopher J De Jonge and Christopher Bartlett
19) Infertility and Assisted Reproduction by R Botros, M B Rizk, Juan Garcia_-Velasco,Hassan Sallam and Antonis Makrigiannakis
20) The Healthy Embryo by Jeff Nisker, Francoise Baylis, Isabel Karpin,Carolyn McLeod, Roxanne Mykitiuk
21) Gametes--The Oocyte by J. G. Grudzinskas and J.L. Yovich
22) Textbook of Clinical Embryology by Kevin Coward and Dagan Wells
23) Handbook of Human Oocyte Cryopreservation by Eleonora Porcu and Patrizia Ciottis, and Stefano Venturoli
24) Neonatalogy by Richard A Polin and John M Lorenz
25) Handbook of Obstetric Medicine by Catherine Nelson-Piercy
26) High Risk Pregnancy--Management Options by Phillip J Steer, Carl Weiner, Bernard Gonik, Caroline Crowther, and Stephanie Robson
27) Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology by Keith Edmunds
28) Contemporary Maternal-Newborn Nursing Care by Patricia Ladewig, Marcia London and Michele Davidson
29) Childbearing: A Nursing Perspective by Ann Clark and Dyanne Alfonso
30) Maternity Nursing by Dietra Leonard Lowdermilk and Shannon Perry
I, Gloria Poole,RN,artist, Added 3 to this on 24 Feb 2016
There are several distinguishing features of the
transition of an embryo to a fetus. Both of these words
are medical terms for a certain stage of development in
the womb. There is no abrupt change from the embryo to
the fetus. Instead there are cumulative changes that are
evolving day to day. The embryo changes from an
amorphous shape to more of a tiny human with all parts.
Also all of the major body organs have either appeared
or the precursor of them has developed. As the embryo
survives the second month in the womb, and is alive at
the beginning of the third month, the tiny human is less
vulnerable to the effects of disease in the mother, or
radiation of the mother, or medicines the mother may
have taken. Of course women who are pregnant should
never drink alcohol or use drugs! At any stage of the
pregnancy the baby in the womb is harmed by alcohol, and
many drugs have teratogenic effects. The term fetus is
appropriate after the major organs are either formed
entirely or the precursor of them is present e.g. for
the kidney. The fetus is still vulnerable but not as
much so, since the tiny human has a larger body and
therefore it would take larger doses of medicines
through the placenta to harm the tiny being, and the
tiny baby also has more developed organs to filter the
medicines that might pass to the baby through the
placenta. At the end of the first month after
fertilization the human embryo is about a quarter of an
inch in length from the top of the flat bulbous like
head to the end of the emerging legs that look at first
like a tail. Most of the organs are beginning to take
shape as the cells continuously divide and
differentiate. The tiny human develops by a 'blue print'
that is built into the chromosones and genes that the
tiny human received from the mother and from the father.
Twenty-three chromosones come from each parent in most
instances. In Down's syndrome the chromosones are
different. The baby's brain develops first since it is
needed first. The wisdom of GOD in creating humans is
obvious if you really study human anatomy and physiology
much. The outlines of eyes appear and a primitive mouth
and by 30 days after fertilization the three primary
parts of the brain are present , and the eyes, ears, and
nasal passages have begun to develop. The beginnings of
the backbone is present but that first month the tiny
embryo is sort of hunched together in a C shape. There
is no discernible arms or legs yet but the "tail" will
become legs. The heart will have started beating even
though it is not completely formed. The tiny human has
a closed circulatory system that includes the baby's own
blood vessels and also the umbilical cord and placenta
to the mother. The digestive tract opens from the mouth
downward for the first time on about the 28 th day
after fertilization by the male sperm. The liver appears
by about the 21 st day after fertilization. The thyroid
gland begins to form. The stomach, intestines,liver and
pancreas are there but there is no anus yet. The lungs
are not developed yet. Lung buds begin about day 27 and
the trachea [windpipe ] appears a few days after that.
By the time the tiny being would be called a fetus he or
she would have gained weight to one gram or about one-
thirtieth of an ounce, which is not as much as an
aspirin tablet but for the tiny human it is significant
progress since it means a 50-fold gain in body mass
gained during the second month over again what the tiny
human weighed at the end of four weeks after
fertilization. By day 31 muscles appear in the pelvis
and arms and legs begin to form and look sort of like a
bud on a tree in bloom.The valve separating the chambers
of the heart appear on day 31 or soon after. The germ
cells [sex determining] move along the mesoderm toward
the genital ridges and will form either ovaries or
testicles. By day 32 the caudal muscles appear [in what
becomes the baby's behind] and the last pair of gill-
like arches that will develop into lungs appears. By day
33 the cerebral cortex in the brain develops. By day 34
more of the muscles that will become the thighs and legs
develop and the stalk that separates the baby from the
yolk sac lengthens. By day 35 the primitive germ cells
have arrived in large numbers near the ridge that
develops into the kidney. And the olfactory part of the
brain that regulates small is present in the brain. By
the fifth week the tiny human is 8 millimeters or one-
third of an inch long from crown to rump and weighs
about 1/1000 of an ounce. The jaws are forming and the
face is beginning to look like a human face. The
umbilical cord is present and is the only part connected
to the placenta. The pituitary gland is forming in the
middle of the brain. The pharynx branches into the two
parts that will go to each lung. The membranes
[peritoneum] that separate the intestines form the chest
have formed and separate the lungs,heart and trachea
from the stomach and intestine. By day 36 the arm and
legs buds appear, and the 'tail' starts to shrink and
the baby may start moving about.
By day 37 the intestines have grown enough that they are
beginning to curve into their adult shape. The brain
stem that controls respiration is recognizable. By day
38 the jaws of upper and lower begin to look symmetrical
and with an mouth between them and the eye muscles have
begun to form in the orbits. Hands that look more like
paddles form and then when the fingers elongate they
look more like hands. The insides of the baby have grown
so fast that they sort of bulge and could be seen easily
through the almost transparent skin of the baby. By day
39 the nerve fibers are present to connect the sense of
smell of the olfactory nerves. By day 40 the pigment
[color] of the eyes could be seen through the
transparent skin also. The jaws are well formed and the
teeth, and facial muscles are forming also. The gill
arches disappear and the diaphragm appears that moves up
and down in respirations though the baby does not
breathe in the womb but later sort of practices that
effort. The liver starts producing red blood cells and
takes over from the yolk sac. By day 42 the reflexes
being and fingers and toes are more visible and the
beginnings of gonads are visible. By the sixth week the
fetus is 13 millimeters or half an inch long from crown
to rump. Cartilage that will become bone appears. The
head seems huge in relation to the rest of the body and
bends forward onto the chest since baby is still sort of
a C shape. Fingers appear. And the mammary glands begin.
The stomach and intestines rotate into position, muscles
lengthen and both cartilage and bone are visible in the
forming skeleton. The kidney has begun with the
pronephros the first but non-functioning kidneys. By day
44 the retinas of the eyes form, and also the palate of
the mouth and and the canals of the ear. By day 46 the
gonads are formed either ovaries or testicles so the sex
of the baby. Viola by day 48 after fertilization the
tiny human looks like a human! And is definitely a
fetus.
/s/ Gloria Poole, R.N. with reference from medical textbook "From Conception to Birth' by Roberts Rugh andLandrum B Shettles MDs.
Other PROLIFE blogs I write/ create are:
https://prolife-nurse.blogspot.com
https://save-the-baby-humans.blogspot.com
https://publishing-life.blogspot.com
https://tapestry-of-life-llp.blogspot.com
https://words-that-work-llp.blogspot.com
https://real-women-have-babies.blogspot.com
https://gloriapoole-RN-artist.blogspot.com [this blog]
http://gloriapoole.livejournal.com
http://gloriapoole-UK.livejournal.com
https://sites.google.com/site/ArtistIllustrations [pencil drawings I drew of stages of human development]
https://sites.google.com/site/newsforlife/humans-in-womb-photos
https://sites.google.com/site/wordslife
https://sites.google.com/site/gloriapooleRN/optimumhealthisachievable
https://sites.google.com/site/wordslife2
This is my 2016 logo for the time being. I signed it in paint and painted in that little brush. Copyrighted.
My copyright notice I made for this blog and all content on it. Read statement below.
This is one of my Christian crosses to remind all that I am raised Southern Baptist and am believer in THE LIVING LORD JESUS.That is my hand in that photo that I photographed in recent months this year. To read what I believe please read https://salvation-is-free.blogspot.com.
This is the display I made of the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business where I got a second education and graduated with a business degree.
This is my selfie [Gloria Poole,RN, artist] in spring 2014 but I look the same except that I am thinner and my hair is longer but I still put it in lop-sided pony tail when I walk about or create art to prevent hair from blowing into my eyes or into paint.That is also me that you see in the "about me" box on right side of this blog and I am wearing a dark grey winter wool hat because that photo was taken of me in state of Georgia in Jan 2010 and my family in Georgia saw me wearing that hat and so did other people. So I am leaving that photo also on this blog for that reason.
This is one of my photos of the U S flag I photographed on walkabout to remind all I am a U S citizen with all civil liberties including freedom of Press, freedom to worship THE LORD GOD, and freedom to associate with whomever I want or not to associate with those GOD labels "abomination" and freedom to protest governments.
_____________
Copyright notice:I, Gloria Poole, own all rights to all content on this blog. Usually I sign the art I create as simply Gloria since that is my first name, that I was born with; but on pencil and or ink drawings I sometimes also sign my born with surname of Poole which is my legal name again because I removed the Pappas name from my name at time of final divorce decree in Oct 2007 from male DBP, and I resumed my full maiden name of Gloria Poole by Court order at the same time. I am also known on the web and in real life as Gloria; Gloria Poole; Gloria J Poole; Gloria Poole, RN, artist; and on the web as : gloriapoole; gloria-poole; gloria.poole; Ms Gloria Poole; gloriapoole.RN; gloriapoole_RN; gloriapooleRN at yahoo; gloria0817; gpoole817; artist-gloriapoole; gloriapoole-paintings; artist-gloria; Poole,Gloria; gloriapoole1749; and other variations of my real, born with, and legal name of Gloria Poole. For the record, I am a white, single-again, twice divorced, Southern Baptist, born again, Christian, woman and the mother of only two children who are grown daughters who are named Jennifer and Leigh. I am also a prolife activist, blogger, artist in all mediums; photographer for my own purposes, Registered Nurse with a license in Missouri but before that for most of my life in the state of Georgia, U.S. citizen born in the state of Georgia; University of Georgia alum, Georgia Baptist College of Nursing alum, writer, illustrator, author, personhood promoter. This blog may not be downloaded, nor copied individually or collectively as a whole; nor have domains forwarded to it that do not belong to me, nor may the photos or art on it be reproduced or saved to disk by anyone .
I create all content on this blog and I, Gloria Poole, own all rights to this blog collectively and individually as single posts. All telephones listed on this account and any account of mine on the web belong to me personally and are in my apartment in Missouri or in my possession at all times. Some of my numbers are wired, landline telephones and some are mobile phones. I also have Google voice [virtual] numbers that I post to some blogs as a contact but they forward to my real phones. This blog and all blogs that I create and that contain my words I wrote and or art I made and signed and or photos that I photographed belong exclusively to me Gloria Poole, of Missouri and Georgia. Copyright. Gloria Poole / Gloria / gloriapoole /gloria-poole /gloria.poole/ Ms Gloria Poole/ Poole Gloria / G-L-O-R-I-A / gloriapoole1749 /gloria0817 /gpoole817 / gloriapooleRN at yahoo / gloriapoole.RN / artist-gloriapoole /Gloria Poole,RN,artist /cartooning-by-gloriapoole / photo-by-gloriapoole, and other variations of my real name with or without my professional status as Registered Nurse and with or without numbers after my name, at my own private apt in Missouri which is not shared with anyone and neither is my equipment nor phones shared with anyone, and neither is my isp account shared with anyone which means no one is authorized to log into any account of mine anywhere but me. /signed/ Gloria Poole, RN, artist; at my apt in Missouri on 6th Nov 2016 at 9:23am.
Gloria Poole / Gloria / gloriapoole / [Ms ] Gloria Poole,RN,artist of / in Missouri, USA .
